Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain angina or stroke. Cardiovascular disease cvd is an umbrella term for a number of linked pathologies, commonly defined as coronary heart disease chd, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic and congenital heart diseases and venous thromboembolism. Heart and blood vessel disease also called heart disease includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Pdf cardiovascular disease risk factors researchgate. There are many types, including coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure. The most common type of heart disease is coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease chd, also called coronary artery disease cad and atherosclerotic heart disease, is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques 5 within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium the muscle of the heart.
A defect in the heart causes a shortage of oxygen around the body. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of health problems and death in countries worldwide. Strokes can be caused by bleeding from a blood vessel in the. This chapter defines cardiovascular risk factors, classifies them, briefly. Cardiovascular disease, any of the diseases, whether congenital or acquired, of the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease cvd is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the united states, causing about 1 in 4 deaths.
A type of cardiovascular disease heart disease is a catchall phrase for a variety of conditions that affect the hearts structure and function. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control pdf. The term heart disease is often used interchangeably with the term cardiovascular disease. Keep in mind all heart diseases are cardiovascular diseases, but not all cardiovascular diseases are heart disease. The most common reason is a buildup of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the blood vessels. Cardiovascular diseases include arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, shock, endocarditis, diseases of the aorta and its branches, disorders of the peripheral vascular system, and. What is cardiovascular disease cvd risk factors for cvd. Cardiovascular disease cvd is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Its usually associated with a buildup of fatty deposits inside the arteries atherosclerosis and an increased risk of blood clots it can also be associated with damage to arteries in organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes. Its usually associated with a buildup of fatty deposits inside. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your hearts muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease. The risk of certain cardiovascular diseases may be increased by smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and obesity. Learn more about the different types of cardiovascular diseases, their causes, and their treatment. Hypertension is defined as an average systolic blood pressure greater than or equal.
Cardiovascular disease cvd is an abnormal functioning of the heart or blood vessels. Prevention of cardiovascular disease world health organization. Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries. Heart disease and stroke can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to have conditions that increase their risk for cardiovascular disease.
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